From Two-Equation Turbulence Models to Minimal Error Resolving Simulation Methods for Complex Turbulent Flows

Hybrid RANS-LES methods are supposed to provide major contributions future turbulent flow simulations, in particular for reliable predictions under conditions where validation data unavailable. However, existing hybrid suffer from essential problems. A solution these problems is presented as a generalization of previously introduced continuous eddy simulation (CES) methods. These methods, obtained by relatively minor extensions standard two-equation turbulence models, represent minimal error An observation here that incompressible flows can be extended stratified and compressible flows, which opens the way addressing relevant atmospheric science (mesoscale microscale coupling) aerospace (supersonic or hypersonic predictions). It also reported valuable design consistent models significant modeling uncertainties.